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Ingimundr (eleventh century)
Ingimundr,〔McDonald (2007); Oram (2000).〕 also known as Ingimund,〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005).〕 and Ingemund,〔McDonald (1997); Power (1986).〕 was an eleventh-century Norwegian delegate sent by Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway to take control of the Kingdom of the Isles. The kingdom had descended into utter chaos after the death of Gofraid Crobán, King of the Isles in 1095, with kin-strife amongst the latter's descendants, followed by Irish intervention into the region. Magnús' apparent response was to send Ingimundr to take charge. According to the mediaeval ''Chronicle of Mann'', soon after Ingimundr's arrival in the Isles, he and his followers was slain in Lewis by the leading Islesmen, whilst he was in the midst of securing the kingship. The following year, Magnús took matters into his own hands, and personally oversaw the conquest of the Isles himself.
==Background: anarchy in the Isles==
In the 1070s, Gofraid Crobán secured the kingship of the Isles through his conquest of Mann, and forcefully added Dublin to his realm in about 1091. Gofraid's downfall came in 1094, when he was driven out of Ireland by the Uí Briain, and died the following year in the Hebrides.〔Duffy (2004); Woolf (2004) pp. 100–101; Oram (2000) pp. 19–20.〕 There is uncertainty concerning the political situation in the Isles in the last decade of the eleventh century.〔Davey (2016); Power (1986) p. 115.〕 What is known for sure is that, before the end of the century, Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway (died 1103) led a marauding fleet from Scandinavia into the Isles, seized control of the kingdom, and held onto power in the Irish Sea region until his death in 1103.〔Duffy (2002) pp. 57–59; Power (1994) p. 216.〕 According to the ''Chronicle of Mann'', when Gofraid died in 1095, Lagmann succeeded him as his eldest son, and went on to reign for seven years.〔Oram (2011) p. 48; Oram (2000) pp. 20–21; Power (1986) p. 116; Anderson (1922) p. 98; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 54–55.〕 The numerical calculations and chronology of this source are suspect,〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 235; Oram (2000) pp. 20–21, 58, 83 n. 34.〕 and it is uncertain if Lagmann's reign began before Magnús' arrival, during Magnús' overlordship, or even after Magnús' death.〔Power (1986) p. 116.〕 Despite the uncertainly surrounding the inception of his reign, the chronicle reveals that Lagmann faced continued opposition from within his own family, in the form of an ongoing rebellion by his brother, Aralt.〔Oram (2011) pp. 48–49; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 235; Hudson (2005) p. 198; Power (2005) pp. 11–12; Oram (2000) pp. 21, 58; Power (1986) p. 115; Anderson (1922) p. 98; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 54–55.〕
Although the ''Chronicle of Man'' maintains that Lagmann voluntarily vacated his throne, there is reason to suspect that he was forced from power.〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 235; Oram (2000) p. 21; Anderson (1922) p. 98; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 54–55.〕 In about 1096, the chronicle claims that the leading Islesmen sought assistance of Muirchertach Ua Briain, King of Munster (died 1119), and petitioned him to provide a regent from his own kin to govern the kingdom until Lagmann's younger brother, Amlaíb (died 1153), was old enough to assume control.〔Oram (2011) p. 48; Duffy (2009) p. 296; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 235–236; Power (2005) pp. 11–12; Bracken (2004); Duffy (2002) p. 57; Oram (2000) p. 21; Ó Cuív (1994) p. 116; Duffy (1992) pp. 108–110; Power (1986) p. 115; Anderson (1922) p. 100; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 54–55.〕 The chronicle's account could be evidence that, by about 1096, Lagmann faced a faction formed around Amlaíb; and that, when this faction was unable to topple Lagmann by itself, it approached Ua Briain for assistance in placing Amlaíb upon the throne.〔Oram (2011) p. 48; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) pp. 235–236; Oram (2000) p. 21.〕 Whatever the case, the chronicle reveals that Ua Briain then installed Domnall mac Taidc (died 1115) upon the throne.〔Oram (2011) p. 48; Duffy (2009) p. 296; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 236; Power (2005) pp. 11–12; Bracken (2004); Duffy (2002) p. 57, 57 n. 11; Oram (2000) p. 21; Duffy (1992) pp. 108–110; Anderson (1922) pp. 100–101; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 54–55.〕 The slaying of Domnall's brother, Amlaíb, as recorded by the ''Annals of the Four Masters'' in 1096,〔''Annals of the Four Masters'' (2013a) § 1096.8; ''Annals of the Four Masters'' (2013b) § 1096.8; Ó Corráin (2010) p. 225; Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 236; Power (2005) pp. 11–12; Duffy (1992) p. 109; Anderson (1922) p. 99.〕 suggests that Domnall and his immediate family faced significant opposition in the Isles, possibly in the form of Lagmann's adherents.〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 236.〕 The chronicle credits Domnall with an oppressive three-year reign that ended when the leading Islesmen revolted against him, and drove him from the kingdom back to Ireland.〔Forte; Oram; Pedersen (2005) p. 236; Power (2005) pp. 11–12; Power (1986) p. 115; Anderson (1922) p. 101; Munch; Goss (1874) pp. 54–55.〕
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